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Bagha Jatin (''Bāghā Jatin'', lit: Tiger Jatin), born Jatindranath Mukherjee (''Jotindrônāth Mukhōpaddhāē'') (7 December 1879 – 10 September 1915) was a Bengali revolutionary philosopher against British rule. He was the principal leader of the Yugantar party that was the central association of revolutionaries in Bengal. Having met the German Crown-Prince in Calcutta shortly before World War I, he obtained the promise of arms and ammunition from Germany; as such, he was responsible for the planned German Plot during World War I.〔"Nixon Report", in ''Terrorism in Bengal'',(''Terrorism'' ) Edited and Compiled by A.K. Samanta, Government of West Bengal, Calcutta, 1995, Vol. II, p.625.〕 Another of his original contributions was the indoctrination of the Indian soldiers in various regiments in favour of an insurrection.〔''Les origines intellectuelles du mouvemenr d'indépendance de l'Inde (1893–1918)'', PhD Thesis (Doctorat d'Etat) defended by Prithwindra Mukherjee in 1986.〕 In 1925, Gandhi told Tegart that Jatin Mukherjee, generally referred to as "Bagha Jatin" (translated as Tiger Jatin), was "a divine personality". Little did he know that Tegart had once told his colleagues that if Jatin were an Englishman, then the English people would have built his statue next to Nelson's at Trafalgar Square. In his note to J.E. Francis of the India Office in 1926, he described Bengali revolutionaries as "the most selfless political workers in India".〔''The Statesman'', Calcutta, 28 April 2009〕 Jatin was born to Sharatshashi and Umeshchandra Mukherjee in Kayagram, a village in the Kushtia subdivision of Nadia district in what is now Bangladesh. He grew up in his ancestral home at Sadhuhati, P.S. Rishkhali Jhenaidah until his father's death when Jatin was five years old. Well versed in Brahmanic studies, his father liked horses and was respected for the strength of his character. Sharatshashi settled in her parents' home in Kayagram with her husband and his elder sister Benodebala (or Vinodebala). A gifted poet, she was affectionate and stern in her method of raising her children. Familiar with the essays by contemporary thought leaders like Bankimchandra Chatterjee and Yogendra Vidyabhushan, she was aware of the social and political transformations of her times. Her brother Basantakumar Chatterjee taught and practised law, and counted among his clients the poet Rabindranath Tagore. Since the age of 14, Tagore had claimed in meetings organised by his family members equal rights for Indian citizens inside railway carriages and in public places. As Jatin grew older, he gained a reputation for physical bravery and great strength; charitable and cheerful by nature, he was fond of caricature and enacting mythological plays, himself playing the roles of god-loving characters like Prahlad, Dhruva, Hanuman, Râja Harish Chandra. He not only encouraged several playwrights to produce patriotic pieces for the urban stage, but also engaged village bards to spread nationalist fervour in the countryside.〔''Paribarik Katha'' and ''Durgotsav'', by Lalitkumar Chatterjee, Jatin's uncle and revolutionary colleague, who published also Jatin's biography, ''Biplabi Jatindranath'' in 1947.〕 Jatin had a natural respect for the human creature, heedless of class or caste or religions. He carried for an aged Muslim villager a heavy bundle of fodder and, on reaching her hut, he shared with her the only platter of rice she had, and sent her some money every month.〔Handwritten ''Notes'' by Benodebala Devi, preserved at the Nehru Museum, New Delhi.〕 ==Student in Calcutta== After passing the Entrance examination in 1895, Jatin joined the Calcutta Central College (now Khudiram Bose College), to study Fine Arts. At the same time, he took lessons in steno typing with Mr Atkinson: this is a new qualification opening possibilities of a coveted career. Soon he started visiting Swami Vivekananda, whose social thought, and especially his vision of a politically independent India – indispensable for the spiritual progress of humanity – had a great influence on Jatin. The Master taught him the art of conquering libido before raising a batch of young volunteers "with iron muscles and nerves of steel", to serve miserable compatriots during famines, epidemics and floods and running clubs for "man-making" in the context of a nation under foreign domination. They soon assisted Sister Nivedita, the Swami's Irish disciple, in this venture. According to J. E. Armstrong, Superintendent of the colonial Police, Jatin "owed his preeminent position in revolutionary circles, not only to his qualities of leadership, but in great measure to his reputation of being a Brahmachari with no thought beyond the revolutionary cause."〔''Terrorism'', Vol. II, p.393.〕 Noticing his ardent desire to die for a cause, Swami Vivekananda sent Jatin to the Gymnasium of Ambu Guha where he himself had practised wrestling. Jatin met here, among others, Sachin Banerjee, son of Yogendra Vidyabhushan (a popular author of biographies like ''Mazzini'' and ''Garibaldi''), who turned into Jatin's mentor. In 1900, his uncle Lalit Kumar married Vidyabhushan's daughter. Fed up with the colonial system of education, Jatin left for Muzaffarpore in 1899, as secretary of barrister Pringle Kennedy, founder and editor of the ''Trihoot Courrier''. He was impressed by this historian: through his editorials and from the Congress platform, he showed how urgent it was to have an Indian National Army and to react against the British squandering of Indian budget to safeguard their interests in China and elsewhere.〔''Militant Nationalism in India'', by Bimanbehari Majumdar, 1966, p.111.〕 In 1900, Jatin married Indubala Banerjee of Kumarkhali ''upazila'' in Kushtia; they had four children: Atindra (1903–1906), Ashalata (1907–1976), Tejendra (1909–1989), and Birendra (1913–1991). Struck by Atindra’s death, Jatin, with his wife and sister, set out on a pilgrimage and recovered their inner peace by receiving initiation from the saint Bholanand Giri of Hardwar. Aware of his disciple’s revolutionary commitments, the holy man extended to him his full support. Upon returning to his native village Koya in March 1906, Jatin learned about the disturbing presence of a leopard in the vicinity; while reconnoitring in the nearby jungle, he came across a Royal Bengal tiger and fought hand-to-hand with it. Mortally wounded, he managed to strike with a Gorkha dagger (Khukuri) on the tiger's neck, killing it instantly. The famous surgeon of Calcutta, Lt-Colonel Suresh Prasad Sarbadhikari, "took upon himself the responsibility for curing the fatally wounded patient whose whole body had been poisoned by the tiger's nails."〔''Two Great Indian Revolutionaries'', pp.167–168.〕 Impressed by Jatin's exemplary heroism, Dr Sarbadhikari published an article about Jatin in the English press. The Government of Bengal awarded him a silver shield with the scene of him killing the tiger engraved on it.〔Dr Kumar Bagchi's Talks with Prithwindra Mukherjee, preserved at the Nehru Museum, New Delhi.〕 The title 'Bagha', meaning 'Tiger' in both Bengali and Hindi, became associated with him since then. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bagha Jatin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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